Welcome to George Russell's Official Website
George Russell is a singular figure in American music. He is a rarity among major jazz composers, as he is not an influential instrumentalist. Only the likes of Duke Ellington and Charles Mingus possessed a comparable ability to write orchestral music that conveys the spark of improvisation. Yet, what truly sets Russell apart is his half-century application of a single radical compositional principle, which he has evolved through the creation of such American masterworks as “Cubano Be/Cubano Bop,” “All About Rosie,” and “Electronic Sonata for Souls Loved by Nature.”
~The Music Division of The Library of CongressGeorge Russell's Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization (LCCOTO) is a groundbreaking theoretical framework for understanding composition, improvisation and analysis in all of equal-tempered music. First published in 1953 and revised through the current fourth and final edition, this monumental and magnanimous work is the culmination of 50 years of steadfast development by Maestro Russell. “The Concept” remains one of the most innovative and influential music theories of all time.
Lydian Scale
Not related to the Lydian Mode of the Ionian major scale, and unlike the conventional consonant/dissonant harmonic perspective, Russell proves that a more objective principle is revealed through the self-organized structure of the Lydian Scale: seven notes, six intervals of a perfect fifth apart. The perfect fifth - being the building block of tonal magnetism - has its origin in the overtone series.
Tonal Gravity
Russell discovered the phenomenon that tones have an innate ability to bond in a state of receptivity to a gravitational force. This magnetic energy codifies a unified "tonal gravity field" integrating close-to-distant relationships to the center of tonal gravity: the Lydian Tonic.
Vertical and Horizontal
The VERTICAL nature of the Lydian Scale conveys a state of being and completeness. The HORIZONTAL nature of the Major Scale - relying on functional harmony (e.g., dominant-tonic relationships) conveys a state of becoming by seeking resolution. The LCCOTO sheds light on the myriad of possibilities within the balance of these two essential forces.
Embracing Chromatic Expansion
While the seven-tone Lydian Scale is the foundation of tonal gravity, its ultimate expression is the twelve-tone Lydian Chromatic Scale. There are a total of 12 Lydian Chromatic Scales in equal temperament (i.e. the Circle of Fifths) creating a matrix of 144 possible intervals ranging from ingoing to outgoing.
Modal Approach to Improvisation
The Lydian Chromatic Concept and its axiom of chord/scale unity had a profound influence on jazz improvisation, ushering in the modal period of Jazz. At its core, the LCCOTO is pan-stylistic and has inspired generations of musicians from all genres.
George Russell's book, The Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization, first published in 1953, was the first theoretical contribution to come from jazz, and was responsible for introducing modal improvisation which resulted in the seminal recording of Miles Davis' "Kind of Blue."
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